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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0003, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529931

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Corneal Transplantation/standards , Corneal Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Donor Selection/standards , Eye Banks/standards , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Serologic Tests/standards , Hepatitis B virus , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Disease Transmission, Infectious/legislation & jurisprudence , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data , Eye Banks/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/analysis
2.
Buenos Aires; GCBA. Gerencia Operativa de Epidemiología; 8 jul. 2022. f:12 l:19 p. tab, graf.(Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 7, 307).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: biblio-1391790

ABSTRACT

La hepatitis B es una infección vírica que afecta al hígado, puede dar lugar tanto a un cuadro agudo como a una enfermedad crónica, y se transmite por la vía sexual, vertical y parenteral. En este informe, se describe la situación mundial y nacional de esta patología, y su transmisión vertical, así como la caracterización de niños expuestos al virus durante el embarazo, nacidos en el Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá entre 2018 y 2021.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
3.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre (Online) ; 62(2): 106-114, dez. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1451970

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Apesar da disponibilidade e orientações acerca da vacinação contra o vírus da hepatite B (VHB), observa-se que a cobertura vacinal e o conhecimento entre os profissionais de Odontologia não são satisfatórios, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Como um alerta aos estudantes e profissionais de Odontologia, o objetivo deste estudo é revisar a literatura acerca da infecção pelo VHB na prática odontológica. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa. Os artigos incluídos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores "Hepatitis B virus" e "Dentist", no período de 2000 a 2020. Revisão de literatura: Os conhecimentos acerca do VHB devem ser incentivados durante a graduação, uma vez que os cirurgiões-dentistas desempenham papel importante na prevenção desta doença. A hepatite B é mais prevalente entre os cirurgiões-dentistas do que na população geral. Nesses profissionais, a transmissão acontece principal-mente durante o uso e descarte de instrumentos cortan-tes contaminados com sangue ou saliva infectada. Além disso, como as secreções nasofaríngeas carregam o vírus, embora remota, ainda existe a possibilidade de infecção por aerossol. Discussão: Dentre as formas de prevenção, podemos citar a realização do esquema vacinal completo, as orientações para manejo odontológico de pacientes com hepatite, a adoção às normas de biossegurança e os métodos corretos para limpeza e desinfecção e esterilização dos materiais. Conclusão: Os cirurgiões-dentistas possuem um risco maior de exposição à infecção pelo HBV do que o restante da população. Portanto, esses profissionais devem dispor de atenção especial às estratégias de prevenção contra a hepatite


Aim: Despite the availability and guidance regarding the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, it is observed that the vaccine coverage and knowledge among dental professionals are not satisfactory, especially in developing countries. As a warning to dental students and professionals, the aim of this study is to review the literature on HBV infection in dental practice. Materials and methods: This is a narrative review. The articles included were searched in the Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, using the des-criptors "Hepatitis B virus" and "Dentist", from 2000 to 2020. Literature review: Knowledge about HBV should be encouraged during graduation, since dentists play an im-portant role in preventing this disease. Hepatitis B is more prevalent among dentists than in the general population. In these professionals, the transmission occurs mainly due to a percutaneous injury involving the use and disposal of cutting instruments contaminated with the infected patient's blood or saliva. In addition, as nasopharyngeal secretions carry the virus, although remote, there is still the possibility of aerosol infection. Discussion: Among the forms of prevention, we can mention the accomplishment of the complete vaccination schedule, the guidelines for the dental management of patients with hepatitis, the adoption of biosafety standards and the correct methods for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing the materials. Conclusion: Dentists have higher risk of exposure to HBV infection than the rest of the population. Therefore, these professionals must pay special attention to strategies for preventing hepatitis.


Subject(s)
Dentists , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases
4.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 21(3): 945-953, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346996

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to calculate the prevalence and rate per 1,000 live births of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in pregnant women at a public maternity hospital in Salvador. Methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional study retrospectively collected data from compulsory notifications and medical records of pregnant women with STI seen at a maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil between 2014 and 2017 (n = 520). Prevalence and rate per 1,000 live births were estimated for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis. Associations between STI and other clinical and sociodemographic variables were investigated. Results: most pregnant women were born and resided in Salvador, presented a mean age of 26.4 years, self-reported mixed-race and had unplanned pregnancies. Prevalence and rates per 1,000 live births were, respectively: 0.26% and 3.39 for hepatitis B, 0.06% and 0.79 for hepatitis C, 0.47% and 6.23 for HIV, and 2.46% and 32.2 for syphilis. Conclusion: higher prevalence and rates of infection per 1,000 live births were seen at the maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil compared to official data provided by the Brazilian government, notably with regard to HIV and syphilis. The appropriate epidemiological notification of STI, especially in pregnant women, enables the elaboration of effective preventive strategies incorporating specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.


Resumo Objetivos: calcular a prevalência e as taxas por 1000 nascidos vivos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em gestantes de uma maternidade pública de Salvador. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, com dados coletados retrospectivamente a partir das fichas de notificação dos agravos e dos prontuários de todas as gestantes com IST atendidas na maternidade, entre os anos de 2014 e 2017 (n=520). Foram calculadas as prevalências e as taxas por 1000 nascidos vivos de hepatite B, hepatite C, HIV e sífilis para a população de gestantes da maternidade. Associações entre as IST e demais variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas também foram investigadas. Resultados: a maioria das gestantes era natural e residente de Salvador, pardas, com idade média de 26,4 anos e que não planejaram a gravidez. As prevalências e as taxas por 1000 nascidos vivos foram respectivamente: 0,26% e 3,39 para hepatite B, 0,06% e 0,79 para hepatite C, 0,47% e 6,23 para HIV e 2,46% e 32,2 para sífilis. Conclusão: a maternidade apresenta prevalências e taxas por 1000 nascidos vivos superiores aos dados oficiais do governo brasileiro, especialmente para HIV e sífilis. A correta notificação epidemiológica desses agravos, especialmente em gestantes, permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas mais eficientes e com enfoque nas características sociodemográficas e clínicas das pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Syphilis/transmission , Syphilis/epidemiology , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Pregnant Women , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Live Birth , Health Information Systems
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(3): 401-409, jun. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388240

ABSTRACT

Resumen La transmisión vertical de hepatitis B es responsable de 50% de las infecciones en el mundo e implica 90% de riesgo de evolucionar a hepatitis crónica y sus complicaciones. La inmunoprofilaxis postparto (inmunoglobulina más vacuna) es la medida de prevención más efectiva. Sin embargo, puede existir fracaso a pesar de dicha intervención, debido a factores como alta carga viral o la presencia de HBeAg en la madre, los que sólo pueden evitarse si se hace el diagnóstico y tratamiento durante la gestación. En Chile, en el año 2019 se incorporó la vacunación en los recién nacidos, pero no existe aún cribado durante el embarazo, a diferencia de los países desarrollados. En los últimos años se ha experimentado un aumento acelerado de inmigración proveniente principalmente de América latina y el Caribe, con prevalencias altas en algunos de ellos. Chile debiese avanzar prontamente hacia el cribado de hepatitis B en embarazo.


Abstract Half of cases of hepatitis B around the world are produced from vertical transmission; and 90% of them can evolve to chronic hepatitis and their long term complications. Postpartum immunoprophylaxis (immunoglobulin and vaccine) is the most effective preventive measure. However, despite this prophylaxis, vertical transmission is possible if the mother presents a high viral load or e-antigen. This risk can be reduced only if screening during pregnancy and treatment if needed, are incorporated. In 2019, vaccination for hepatitis B in newborn was incorporated in Chile, but not yet prenatal screening, unlike developed countries. Chile has experienced a growth in immigration from Latin America and Caribbean, some countries with high endemicity included. Prenatal screening in Chile should be promptly incorporated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/transmission , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Chile , Neonatal Screening , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
6.
Ananindeua; s.n; 2020. 125 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1513202

ABSTRACT

A Hepatite B, uma doença hepática causada pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB), representa um relevante problema de saúde pública. O controle exige uma série de medidas preventivas, sendo a principal a vacinação. O Estado brasileiro disponibilizou a vacina de forma universal, independente de faixa etária e de condições de vulnerabilidade desde o ano de 2016. O homem é o reservatório de maior importância epidemiológica e sua transmissão pode ocorrer por via parenteral, contato sexual ou por transmissão vertical. O estudo objetivou avaliar a cobertura e a efetividade da vacina contra a hepatite B e a frequência da infecção em comunicantes de portadores do vírus da hepatite B, vinte anos após a implantação da vacina no Município de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito domiciliar, descritivo exploratório quantitativo, na linha temática da vigilância dos comunicantes de portadores do VHB, desenvolvido entre julho de 2015 a junho de 2019. A busca de comunicantes e/ou contatos foi realizada por meio de visitas domiciliares aos portadores do vírus notificados no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, foram realizados testes sorológicos para a hepatite B (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs) por técnica imunoenzimática; nas amostras antiHBc isolado ou inconclusivo realizou-se testes para detecção do VHB-DNA, por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. A análise sorológica não detectou portadores do vírus, caracterizado pela ausência de HBsAg; o anti-HBc total isolado foi detectado em 2,1% (6/288) das amostras; 4,2% (12/288) foram anti-HBc total/anti-HBs reagentes e 42% (121/288) apresentaram anti-HBs isolado reagente, atribuído à vacinação; 41,7% (120/288) receberam esquema completo (três/quatro doses) da vacina hepatite B e, desses, 48,3% deverão reiniciar o esquema vacinal, pois não fizeram soroconversão. Eram suscetíveis ao VHB 58,3% (168/288) dos participantes da pesquisa. O estudo sugeriu uma baixa endemicidade da infecção pelo VHB no grupo populacional estudado, inclusive com cobertura vacinal abaixo ao preconizado pelo Programa Nacional de Imunização. Os achados evidenciaram um fato inquietante em relação aos adolescentes e crianças, principalmente entre os comunicantes de portadores do vírus, sugerindo a necessidade de incremento dos programas de educação em saúde nessa população. Perceber os múltiplos fatores que estão envolvidos na transmissão da infecção é um desafio e ainda necessita de acompanhamento constante, por esses motivos, sugere-se busca ativa desses contatos por meio de uma vigilância epidemiológica atuante, considerando a realidade encontrada, mesmo após a implantação da vacina ocorrida há mais de 20 anos e a ampliação da cobertura vacinal na população, independente da idade ou condições de vulnerabilidade


Hepatitis B, a liver disease whose infectious agent is hepatitis B virus (HBV), being a relevant public health problem. The control requires preventive and highly effective measures, the main one being vaccination. The Brazilian State has made the vaccine universally available, regardless of age group and vulnerability conditions since 2016. The man is the reservoir of greatest epidemiological importance and its transmission can occur by parenteral, sexual contact and mother to child, in vertical transmission. The study aimed to evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine and the frequency of infection in HBV carriers, 20 years after the vaccine was implanted in Belém, Pará, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, household survey, quantitative exploratory descriptive study, in the thematic line of surveillance of HBV carriers communicators, developed from July 2015 to June 2019. The search for contacts and/or contacts was performed through home visits to the virus carriers notified in the National System of Notification Disorders, serological tests for hepatitis B (HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs) were performed by technique immunoenzyme; in anti-HBc isolated or inconclusive samples, tests were performed to detect HBV-DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Serological analysis did not detect carriers of the virus characterized by the absence of HBsAg; isolated total anti-HBc was detected in 2.1% (6/288) of the samples; 4.2% (12/288) were total anti-HBc / anti-HBs reagents and 42% (121/288) had anti-HBs isolated reagent, attributed to vaccination; 41.7% (120/288) received complete (three/four doses) hepatitis B vaccine regimen and of these 48.3% should restart the vaccination schedule, as they did not undergo seroconversion. They were susceptible to HBV 58.3% (168/288) of the survey participants. The study suggested a low endemicity of HBV infection in the population group studied. Including vaccination coverage below that recommended by the National Immunization Program. The findings showed an unsettling fact in relation to adolescents and children, especially among those communicating with HBV patients, suggesting the need to increase health education programs in this population. Realizing the multiple factors that are involved in the transmission of the infection is a challenge and still needs constant monitoring. For these reasons, an active search for these contacts is suggested through active epidemiological surveillance, considering the reality found, even after the vaccine was implanted more than 20 years ago and the expansion of vaccination coverage in the population, regardless of age or conditions of vulnerability


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis B/transmission
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(5): 576-584, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058083

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Chile es un país de baja endemia de virus de hepatitis B (VHB), pero los países de mayor flujo migratorio hacia Chile tienen una endemia intermediaalta. La inmunoprofilaxis (IP) en el recién nacido (RN) es fundamental para evitar la transmisión vertical de VHB. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de HBsAg en mujeres embarazadas: inmigrantes, y chilenas con conductas de riesgo (CR), y evaluar el cumplimiento de la indicación de IP a los RN de madre con HBsAg reactivo. Material y Métodos: Cohorte prospectiva de cribado de HBsAg a mujeres embarazadas inmigrantes, y chilenas con CR, entre julio 2017 y junio 2018 en CABL. Los RN de madre con HBsAg reactivo se les administró IP adecuada (antes de 12 h de vida). Resultados: Se realizó un total de 1.415 HBsAg: 1.265 a inmigrantes y 150 a chilenas con CR. Se obtuvieron 37 pacientes con HBsAg reactivos. Dos falsos positivos. La prevalencia HBsAg en inmigrantes fue 2,7% y 0,66% en chilenas con CR (p < 0,05). El 91,1% provenía de Haití, con una prevalencia de 3,5% en nuestra área. Todos los RN (36) recibieron IP. La mediana de administración de IP fue 3:02 h. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de VHB en mujeres gestantes inmigrantes fue superior a lo reportado en la población general y en mujeres chilenas con CR. Planteamos la necesidad de implementar el cribado universal en el embarazo, y en especial, en mujeres embarazadas provenientes de países con endemia intermedia-alta.


Background: Chile is a low-endemic HBV country, but countries with the highest migratory flow to Chile have an intermediate-high endemicity. In order to avoid vertical transmission of HBV, immunoprophylaxis (IP) in the newborn (NB) is a key factor. Aim: To identify HBsAg prevalence in pregnant immigrants and Chilean pregnant women with risk behaviors (RB) and to asses IP use in the NB. Material and Methods: Prospective HBsAg screening cohort of immigrant and Chilean pregnant women with RB, between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018 in CABL. IP of all NB of reactive HBsAg mothers was assessed. Results: 1,415 HBsAg samples, 1,265 immigrants and 150 Chileans with RB. 37 reactive HBsAg. Two false positive. HBsAg prevalence in immigrant pregnant women was 2.7% and 0.66% in Chileans with RB (p < 0.05). 91.1% came from Haiti, with a prevalence of 3.5% in our region. All NB (36) received IP with a median of administration of 3:02 h. Conclusions: The prevalence in immigrant pregnant women was higher than that reported in the general population and in Chilean women with RB. We proposed the need for universal screening in pregnancy, especially in pregnant women from countries with intermediate-high endemicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Emigrants and Immigrants , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Risk-Taking , Time Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Vaccination/methods
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 16(4): 227-231, out.-dez. 2018. tab., graf.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025919

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a epidemiologia das hepatites virais. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo realizado por meio da análise de dados obtidos do banco de dados da plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde relativos ao Estado de Minas Gerais, com as variáveis número de casos, hepatite viral CID 10 (B15 a B19), faixa etária, forma de transmissão, sexo e etnia no período de 2010 a 2017. RESULTADOS: Somaram-se 14.308 casos de hepatite A, B e C entre 2010 e 2017 em Minas Gerais. A hepatite C foi a mais prevalente com 50%, seguido da hepatite B com 39% e da hepatite A com 11%. O sexo masculino (70,2%) contrastou com o feminino (50,8%) no panorama geral. Quanto à etnia, foram obtidos 38% na parda e 37,5% na branca, em contraste com 0,4% na indígena. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 40 a 59 anos com 54% dos casos. Surpreendeu a manutenção do número de casos registrados de vírus C transmitidos via transfusão sanguínea, provavelmente antes do reconhecimento do vírus, nos anos 1990 (1.002 casos), além da existência de casos de vírus A transmitidos via sexual (30 casos). CONCLUSÃO: Em Minas Gerais, a epidemiologia das hepatites virais seguiu a tendência global em faixa etária e número de casos. Todavia tornase imprescindível considerar novas abordagens de prevenção e controle com foco em educação sexual em saúde independente, principalmente nas faixas etárias jovens e avançadas. (AU)


OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the epidemiology of viral hepatitis. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study based on the analysis of data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System in the state of Minas Gerais, with the following variables: viral hepatitis ICD 10 (B15-B19), age range, way of transmission, gender, and ethnicity, from 2010 to 2017. RESULTS: There were 14,308 cases of hepatitis A, B, and C from 2010 to 2017 in the state of Minas Gerais. Hepatitis C vírus was the most prevalent with 50%, followed by hepatitis B virus with 39%, and hepatitis A virus with 11%. The male gender (70.2%) contrasted with the female (50.8%) in the general panorama. As for ethnicity, 38% were in the brown people, and 37.5% in the white people, compared to 0,4% in the indigenous people. The most affected age group was 40-59 years, with 54% of the cases. Surprisingly, the number of registered cases of C virus transmitted by blood transfusion was steady, probably before the virus was recognized in the 1990s (1002 cases), and there were cases of virus A transmitted via sexual intercourse (30 cases). CONCLUSION: In Minas Gerais, the epidemiology of viral hepatitis follows the global trend in terms of age range and number of cases; however, it is imperative to consider new approaches in prevention and control, focusing on sexually independent health education, mainly in the young and advanced age groups. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/classification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/transmission , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Ethnic Distribution , Hepatitis A/transmission , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology
10.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 96(1-2): 70-78, ene.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1413246

ABSTRACT

In 2016 through the approval of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of HIV infection and mother-to-child transmission infections 2016-2021. The action plan extends the ETMI initiative (hence the name "ETMI Plus"). The ETMI Plus initiative aims to achieve and maintain the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection, syphilis, Chagas disease and perinatal infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) as problems that constitute a danger to public health. The objective of the present work is to carry out a study of the condition of these diseases in the Argentine Republic and to carry out an epidemiological analysis of the possible difficulties in the implementation of the presented Strategy. (AU)


Introducción. En 2016 mediante la aprobación del Plan de Acción para la Prevención y el Control de la Infección por el VIH y las infecciones de transmisión madre niño 2016-2021. El plan de acción amplía la iniciativa de ETMI (de ahí el nombre de "ETMI Plus"). La iniciativa ETMI Plus tiene por objetivo lograr y mantener la eliminación de la transmisión materno-infantil de la infección por el VIH, la sífilis, la enfermedad de Chagas y la infección perinatal por el virus de la Hepatitis B (VHB) como problemas que constituyen un peligro para la salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo es efectuar un estudio de la condición de éstas enfermedades en la República Argentina y realizar un análisis epidemiológico de las posibles dificultades en la implementación de la Estrategia presentada. Material y Métodos. Fueron analizadas fuentes secundarias de información de circulación general como el Boletín Integrado de Vigilancia, Ministerio de Salud Nación, Boletines Provinciales. Como fuente primaria de información se realizó encuesta anónima WEB ­ Based a profesionales de maternidades de Argentina. La encuesta no recabó información del profesional, identificación de la institución, provincia participante. Se solicitó el dato consolidado de prestaciones brindadas de los meses de abril ­ mayo 2018. La información fue ordenada y compilada según su relación temporal y específica para cada una de las enfermedades analizadas. Resultados. Al analizarse la información del Boletín Epidemiológico Nacional 2017 es posible efectuar cálculos sobre los datos brindados en los que se informa el número de embarazadas estudiadas para las enfermedades involucradas (40,18%), es decir que no se tiene testimonio de lo que ocurre con el otro 60% de las mujeres. Tomando el valor informado en las estudiadas y calculando en la población total de nacimientos se observa que el nuevo valor estimado triplica al informado, en HIV que el sistema informa 585 casos positivos pasa a 1.456, en sífilis de 9.190 a 23.645 y en Chagas de 4261 a 13.699. Cuando se analiza el número de niños estudiados sobre el estimado de madres positivas se observa que de las mujeres embarazadas estimadas positivas alrededor de 10% de los niños son estudiados. Conclusión. Las enfermedades de transmisión materno-infantil (HIV, la sífilis congénita, Chagas y Hepatitis B) sigue siendo un problema importante que recibe poca atención. Entre los factores que pueden ser considerados como favorecedores de la persistencia de estas enfermedades como un problema de salud pública pueden mencionarse la falta de percepción de las posibles consecuencias graves de éstas por parte de la población y la poca atención de los profesionales que no lo incorporan en sus actividades cotidianas. A lo mencionado se puede agregar la escasez de técnicas adecuadas y oportunas para el diagnóstico, como así las consideraciones macro de la organización sanitaria y la no adecuada atención entre los formuladores de políticas, gestores de programas y proveedores de atención médica. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Prenatal Care , Syphilis/prevention & control , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Argentina/epidemiology , Syphilis/transmission , Epidemiologic Studies , HIV Infections/transmission , Maternal and Child Health , Chagas Disease/transmission , Epidemiological Monitoring , Hepatitis B/transmission
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(6): 756-763, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897033

ABSTRACT

Abstract This meta-analysis, which is based on a previously published systematic review, aims to contribute to the scientific discussion on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in workers who are exposed to domestic and healthcare wastes. Publications were sought which had been made available on the data used by December 2013 and updated to December 2016. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the guidelines of Loney et al. for the critical appraisal of studies on the prevalence or incidence of a health problem. To verify the presence of heterogeneity between the papers, we used the Chi-squared test based on a Q statistic. A funnel plot was used to test for publication bias. All included studies had across-sectional study design. The association between exposure to waste and positive serology for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) showed a significant association [odds ratio (OR) 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-2.86; p = 0.0019]. The prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc seropositivity was 0.04 (95% CI 0.03-0.05) and 0.21 (95% CI 0.14-0.28), respectively (p <0.0001). We found no evidence of publication bias. The results of this meta-analysis indicate a statistically significant association between exposure to solid waste, whether healthcare or domestic, and positive HBV infection markers. Therefore, the working conditions of waste collectors should be analyzed more closely. Immunization against HBV is recommended as the chief preventive measure for all solid waste workers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Medical Waste Disposal , Waste Management , Hepatitis B/transmission , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Risk Factors
12.
Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Telessaúde; 2017.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-995627

ABSTRACT

As hepatite virais apresentam forma clínicas diversas, desde infecções assintomáticas até quadros de hepatopatia avançada, como cirrose e hepatocarcinoma. A equipe da atenção primária deve investigar pessoas com sinais e sintomas comuns da infecção, bem como assintomáticos que fazem parte do grupo de risco. Esta guia apresenta informação que orienta a conduta para casos de hepatite B no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, incluindo: forma de transmissão, quadro clínico, suspeita ou diagnóstico de cirrose, diagnóstico de hepatite b, avaliação sorológica da hepatite b, avaliação de paciente com hepatite b aguda, avaliação de paciente com hepatite b crônica, rastreamento, vacina para hepatite b, encaminhamento para serviço especializado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/pathology , Hepatitis B/therapy , Hepatitis B/transmission , Primary Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Fibrosis , Interferons/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Tenofovir/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood
13.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1271826

ABSTRACT

l'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer l'incidence et le risque de transmission des virus des hépatites B et C par transfusion. nous avons conduit une étude de cohorte rétrospective de janvier 2009 à décembre 2014 portant sur les dons de 12 969 donneurs bénévoles et réguliers de sang au Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Bobo-dioulasso. le diagnostic de l'infection par le VhC ou le VhB était obtenu par technique eliSa devant la présence dans le sérum des anticorps anti-VhC pour le VhC ou de l'antigène hBs pour ce qui est du VhB. le taux d'incidence du VhB était de 2,16 pour 100 donneurs-années et celui du VhC était de 2,59 pour 100 donneurs-années. le risque de transmission du VhB était estimé à 1 pour 302 dons et celui du VhC à 1 pour 213 dons. un renforcement de la sélection des donneurs de sang s'avère indispensable devant un risque élevé de transmission des virus de l'hépatite B et/ou C par don de sang provenant des donneurs bénévoles réguliers


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Blood Transfusion , Burkina Faso , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/transmission
14.
Salud colect ; 11(3): 411-421, jul.-sep. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-761810

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el efecto de las muertes por atropellos y colisiones de tránsito en la esperanza de vida en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y México, entre 2000 y 2011. Se calcularon los años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP) para los trienios 2000-2002 y 2009-2011. Los resultados indican que los decesos ocurridos por el tránsito representaron entre el 1% y el 4% del total para cada país. En el primer trienio, el mayor nivel de mortalidad ocurrió en Colombia (AEVP=0,96), mientras que el más bajo se registró en Argentina (AEVP=0,59). A excepción de este último país, hacia el segundo trienio, se redujo el impacto de estos fallecimientos sobre la esperanza de vida. El principal cambio tuvo lugar en Colombia que pasó a 0,72 AEVP. Se concluye que las muertes asociadas con el tránsito impactan de manera negativa en los sistemas de salud, las víctimas, el sector productivo y la sociedad en general. Desde esta perspectiva, la situación vial representa un problema de salud pública que requiere la intervención multisectorial en el diseño de políticas de alcance nacional y regional.


The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of run-over fatalities and traffic collisions in life expectancy in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, between 2000 and 2011. Years of life expectancy lost (YLEL) were calculated for the periods 2000-2002 and 2009-2011. The results show that road traffic deaths made up between 1% and 4% of all deaths in each country. In the first period, the highest level of mortality occurred in Colombia (YLEL=0.96) and the lowest in Argentina (YLEL=0.59). In all the countries studied except Argentina, the impact of these deaths on life expectancy was reduced in the second period. The main change took place in Colombia, reaching 0.72 YLEL in the second period. It is concluded that traffic-related deaths have a negative impact on health systems, victims, the productive sector, and society in general. From this point of view, the issue of road transit must be considered a matter of public health, requiring multi-sector intervention in the design of national and regional policies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Incidence , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Netherlands/epidemiology , Rural Population
15.
Rev. salud pública ; 17(3): 429-442, mayo-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-765675

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Avaliar as escalas de adesão às precauções padrão (PPs) e conhecimento sobre meios de transmissão entre estudantes da saúde no Brasil e na Colômbia. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo piloto para validar o questionário que iniciou estudo de coorte. Selecionamos intencionalmente 26 estudantes na Colômbia e 25 no Brasil, comparáveis em número e características sociodemográficas, que cursavam profissões da saúde (medicina, enfermagem e odontologia). Utilizamos o programa SPSS versão 18.0 para criar o banco de dados e a análise estatística. Resultados : Avaliamos 51 estudantes, com média ± Desvio Padrão de idade de 21,78 ± 2,33, dos quais 84,3 % eram mulheres, 66,7 % de cor de pele branca, , 47,1 % de medicina, e 70,6 % do 70 semestre. Responderam sobre hábitos sexuais afirmando que 45,1 % tiveram no último ano só um parceiro, 23,5 % não usaram proteção, e dos que se protegeram, 45,1 % utilizaram o preservativo. A média de con0hecimento foi 10,88 (±0,952) pontos, para valor esperado de 9 pontos; com Alpha de Cronbach's (α) de 0,823. A média de adesão às precauções padrão (PPs) foi 33,69 (±3,36) pontos, para 30,75 esperados. O α foi de 0,741. Encontramos diferença significativa no conhecimento (p<0,007) entre os dois países, e na adesão as PPs segundo o curso (p<0,001). Conclusões O conhecimento sobre meios de transmissão foi bom. A adesão às precauções padrão em geral foi aceitável, mas foi baixa para algumas precauções avaliadas como o uso de óculos, máscara e o descarte de perfurocortantes. Estudantes de odontologia tiveram melhor adesão.(AU)


Objective To assess scales of adherence to universal precautions and means of knowledge transmission among healthcare students in Brazil and Colombia. Methods We conducted a pilot study to validate the questionnaire that started a cohort study. Twenty-six students in Colombia and 25 in Brazil were intentionally selected. The participants were comparable in number and sociodemographic characteristics in both countries and studied the health professions (medicine, nursing and dentistry). The program SPSS version 18.0 was used to create the database and to carry out statistical analysis. Results We evaluated a total of 51 students. They had a a mean (SD) age of 21.78 (2.33), 84.3 % were women, 66.7 % had white skin, 47.1 % were medical students, and 70,6 % were in their 4th year. They answered about sexual habits reporting that 45.1 had only one partner% in the last year, 23.5 % did not use protection, and, of those who were protected, 45.1 % used a condom. The mean knowledge was 10.88 (±0.952) points to an expected 9 points; Cronbach's Alpha (α) was 0.823. The mean adherence to universal precautions (UPs) was 33.69 (±3.36) points to an expected 30.75; α was 0.741. We found a significant difference in knowledge levels (p<0.007) between the two countries and in the adherence to PUs by year of study (p<0.001). Conclusions Knowledge about means of transmission was good. Adherence to universal precautions was acceptable, but low in terms of the use of glasses, face masks, and discarding sharp objects. Dentistry students showed the best adherence.(AU)


Objetivo Evaluar escalas de adhesión a las precauciones universales y de conocimiento sobre medios de transmisión entre estudiantes de la salud, en Brasil y Colombia. Métodos Realizamos estudio piloto para validar cuestionario utilizado en el inicio del estudio de cohorte. Seleccionamos intencionalmente 26 estudiantes en Colombia y 25 en Brasil, comparables en número y características socio-demográficas, de profesiones de la salud (medicina, enfermería y odontología). Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18.0 para crear el banco de datos y realizar el análisis estadístico. Resultados Evaluamos 51 estudiantes, con media (SD) de edad de 21,78 años (2,33), 84,3 % eran mujeres, 66,7 % de tez blanca, 47,1 % de medicina, y 70,6 % del 70 período. Ellos contestaran sobre sus hábitos sexuales reportando que 45,1 % tuvieron en el último año sólo un compañero, 23,5 % no usaron protección, y de los que se protegieron, 45,1 % utilizaron el preservativo. La media de conocimiento fue 10,88 (±0,952) puntos, para una esperada de 9 puntos; con Alpha de Cronbach's (α) de 0,823. La media de adhesión a las Precauciones Universales (PUs) fue 33,69 (±3,36) puntos, con una expectativa de 30,75; α fue de 0,741. Se encontró diferencia significativa en el conocimiento (p<0,007) entre los dos países, y en la adhesión de las PUs según el curso (p<0,001). Conclusiones El conocimiento sobre medios de transmisión era bueno. La adhesión a las precauciones universales era aceptable, pero baja para el uso de gafas, tapabocas y el descarte de elementos cortantes y perforantes. Estudiantes de odontología tuvieron mejor adhesión.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis B/transmission , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia
16.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(1): 18-21, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746480

ABSTRACT

Background The Amazon is one of the regions who have the highest rates of infection by the hepatitis B virus in the world. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and spatial distribution of hepatitis B cases reported between 2002 and 2012 in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Methods Social and clinical data of these individuals were studied through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), including the following variables: gender, age group, vaccination, contact with a known patient with HBV, exposure to risk factors, source of infection, and clinical status. Results There were 7,132 cases reported in Rondônia, with an average incidence rate of 42/100,000 inhabitants per year. The municipalities with the highest incidence rates were Monte Negro (187.6/100,000 inhabitants) and Ariquemes (157.2/100,000 inhabitants). The 20-39 year-old age group had the highest number of cases (n = 3,834), and 69.9% of patients were likely infected via sexual contact. Regarding the clinical disease status, most of the patients (80.7%) were in the chronic phase. Conclusions There was a recent 402% increase in the diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is likely owing to the improvements in the public diagnostic system. This highlights the need for public policies to prevent and control the disease. .


Contexto A Amazônia é uma das regiões que possui as maiores taxas de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B do mundo. Objetivos Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar dados epidemiológicos e a distribuição espacial dos casos de hepatite B notificados no Estado de Rondônia no período de 2002 a 2012. Métodos Foram estudados dados clínicos e sociais desses indivíduos através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: gênero, faixa etária, vacinação, contato com paciente sabidamente portador do vírus hepatite B, exposição do paciente aos fatores de risco, fonte de infecção e forma clínica. Resultados Foram notificados 7.132 casos, tendo uma incidência de 42/100.000 habitantes por ano. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas de incidência foram Monte Negro, 187,6/100.000 habitantes e Ariquemes, 157,2/100.000 habitantes. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi de 20-39 anos (n=3.834), sendo que 69,9% dos pacientes se infectaram provavelmente por via sexual. Em relação à forma clínica da doença, a maioria dos pacientes (80,7%) se encontra na fase crônica. Conclusão Houve um aumento do diagnóstico do vírus da hepatite B da ordem de 402% nos últimos anos, seguramente pela melhora no sistema de diagnóstico da doença, sendo necessário uma maior atenção das políticas públicas de prevenção e controle da doença em função de sua elevada prevalência. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Health Information Systems , Hepatitis B/transmission
17.
EJMM-Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology [The]. 2015; 24 (4): 113-118
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-175730

ABSTRACT

Background: Hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] Infections are important and common causes of liver disease in end-stage renal failure [ESRF] in patients on haemodialysis [HD]. HBV is less endemic than HCV in Egypt [ranges from 2%-7%]. Although, the prevalence of HBV in haemodialysis patients has decreased significantly due to HBV vaccine and screening of blood donors, the immunosuppressive nature of renal disease often leads to chronicity of the HBV infection and an opportunity for nosocomial spread of the infection among dialysis patients. Haemodialysis patients are more risky to develop occult hepatitis B infection [OBI] due to an increased number of blood transfusions, frequent invasive procedures, difficulty in diagnosis of occult hepatitis B infection [OBI] and immunosuppression. Occult hepatitis B infection [OBI] is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in serum or liver tissue in the absence of HBsAg


Objective: to study the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HCV-positive and HCV negative patients on regular hemodialysis from Upper Egypt


Methodology: One Hundred hemodialysis patients with negative HBsAg were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: HCV positive and HCV negative, based on the results of anti-HCV by ELISA and HCV-RNA by PCR. HBV-DNA was studied using the real-time PCR method in both groups


Results: HBV DNA was detected in 7 of the 100 patients [7%] and HBcAb was detected in 22 patients [22%]. There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, biochemical parameters, HBcAb, or HBV DNA between patients with and without HCV infection


Conclusion: The prevalence of occult HBV infection [OBI] among Egyptian hemodialysis patients is 7% with no significant difference in the prevalence of OBI between hemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection and we suggest screening of all HD patients for OBI by testing anti-HBc and HBV DNA


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Diseases/virology , Hepatitis B virus , Renal Dialysis , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Viral Core Proteins , Hepatitis B/transmission
18.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-163210

ABSTRACT

Background: Africa and Asia remain the continent most affected by viral hepatitis B with more than1 million deaths per year. These deaths are due to complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies have shown that the rate of progression of hepatitis B to cirrhosis and liver cancer is related to the virus genotypes. Previous analyses of hepatitis B virus genome have revealed 10 genotypes (A-J) with distinct geographical distribution worldwide. Some studies have shown that the genotype E is predominant in West Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, few data exist on the genotypes circulating. The presence of genotypes A, B, C and E has been proven but not their involvement in the development of liver complications. Aim of Study: To determine the hepatitis B virus genotypes circulating in asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers and to establish correlation between genotypes and clinical outcome in Côte d’Ivoire. Place and Duration of Study: Patients were recruited in different hospitals in Côte d’Ivoire and study was conducted in the National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis of the Institute Pasteur from April 2010 to February 2013. Methodology: The study examined samples from 754 subjects using serological and molecular techniques. PCR and multiplex-nested PCR, using type-specific primers, were carried out to determine genotypes of hepatitis B virus in the study samples. Results: Hundred thirty nine were HBsAg-positive. Out of the 139, 49% were asymptomatic and 51% were symptomatic. Among the HBsAg-positive, the average age was 41years with 38.85% having HBV DNA in their blood samples. Sixty-four point eight percent of the latter were typeable with 97.1% as genotype E and 2.9% as genotype B. Conclusion: This study revealed a predominance of genotype E of HBV and revealed that genotype E was associated (P=0.03) with clinical Outcome.


Subject(s)
Asymptomatic Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Genotype , Hepatitis B/genetics , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
19.
Goiânia; SES-GO; [15 jul.] 2014. [1-8] p. graf, tab.(Boletim Epidemiológico).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, CONASS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1095471

ABSTRACT

A hepatite é uma doença caracterizada pela inflamação das células do fígado que pode ser causada principalmente por vírus, uso de medicamentos, álcool e outras drogas. Pode levar a insuficiência hepática aguda, cirrose e câncer do fígado. O Boletim Epidemiológico foi elaborado a partir das bases de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), no período de 2009 a 2013 da população residente no estado de Goiás. A análise define o padrão epidemiológico da doença, a partir de estudo descritivo e analítico com referência temporal e características pessoais. No período de 2009 a 2013 foram notificados 32.609 casos suspeitos de hepatites virais, deste total 9104 casos foram confirmados, onde 966 confirmados de hepatite A, 7.083 casos confirmados de hepatite B e 890 suspeitos de hepatite C. Em julho de 2013, iniciou - se no estado de Goiás o tratamento da Hepatite C com as novas drogas disponibilizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Atualmente, 140 portadores do vírus da hepatite C foram cadastrados no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT) e 5 no Serviço de Tratamento Especializado (SAE) do Município de Anápolis totalizando 145 usuários para tratamento da terapia tripla.


Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of liver cells that can be caused mainly by viruses, drug use, alcohol and other drugs. It can lead to acute liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. The Epidemiological Bulletin was prepared from the databases of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and Mortality Information System (SIM), from 2009 to 2013 of the population living in the state of Goiás. The analysis defines the epidemiological pattern of the disease, based on a descriptive and analytical study with temporal reference and personal characteristics. In the period from 2009 to 2013, 32,609 suspected cases of viral hepatitis were reported, of this total 9104 cases were confirmed, where 966 confirmed hepatitis A, 7,083 confirmed cases of hepatitis B and 890 suspected cases of hepatitis C. In July 2013, the treatment of Hepatitis C with the new drugs made available by the Ministry of Health (MS) began in the state of Goiás. Currently, 140 carriers of hepatitis C virus were registered at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HDT) and 5 in the Specialized Treatment Service (SAE) of the Municipality of Anápolis totaling 145 users for treatment of triple therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/transmission , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis A/transmission , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B/epidemiology
20.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. xi,126 p. ilus, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774180

ABSTRACT

A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) representa um grave problema de saúde públicamundial, apesar da existência de uma vacina eficiente. Estima-se que cerca de 350 milhõesde indivíduos no mundo estejam cronicamente infectados, dos quais a maior parte seencontra em países em desenvolvimento. A heterogeneidade das sequências dos isoladosdo HBV permite a sua classificação em oito genótipos, A a H, baseada na divergência do genoma completo de mais de 7,5 por cento. A presente tese é composta principalmente de três manuscritos, sendo um trabalho publicado e dois outros em submissão, além de cinco trabalhos como colaboradora. Esses estudos se propuseram a investigar a evolução dos genótipos do HBV entre África e Brasil e associar a dispersão dos genótipos no Brasil com a rota de escravos. No primeiro trabalho, entitulado Analysis of Complete NucleotideSequences of Angolan Hepatitis B Virus Isolates Reveals the Existence of a SeparateLineage within Genotype E, realizamos a caracterização filogenética viral dos isolados circulantes em Angola e sua associação com os perfis sorológicos e moleculares existentes naquela população. Através dessas análises, identificamos a separação das amostrasangolanas como pertencentes a uma nova linhagem, composta por Angola, Namibia eRepublica Democratica do Congo, provisoriamente denominada pela nossa equipe, SWL(Southwest African Lineage). No segundo trabalho, entitulado HBV subgenotype A1:Relationships between Brazilian, African and Asian isolates, fomos em busca das históriaevolutiva do HBV/A1, e suas suas rotas de dispersão entre África e Brasil durante o período do tráfico negreiro. Surpreendentemente, observamos que todas as amostras brasileiras estão geneticamente relacionadas às amostras da Ásia, ao invés da África. Esse fato sugere quer que o HBV/A1 possa ter sido introduzino no Brasil a partir dos portos de Moçambique,no sudeste africano, ou diretamente atravpés da Índia por navegantes portugueses...


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global human health problems, despitethe existence of an effective vaccine. It is estimated that around 350 million people worldwideare chronically infected; most of them is in developing countries. The sequenceheterogeneity of HBV isolates has led to the classification of HBV into eight genotypes, A toH, based on full-length genomic divergence of more than 7.5 percent. This thesis is composedmainly of three manuscripts: One of them is already published and two others are insubmission. Five other manuscripts are listed as complementary production. These studieshave set out to understand the evolution of HBV genotypes between Africa and Brazil andassociate its dispersion with slave routes. In the first study, entitled Analysis of CompleteNucleotide Sequences of Hepatitis B Virus Isolates Angolan Reveals the Existence of aSeparate Lineage Within Genotype E , performed the phylogenetic characterization of viralisolates circulating in Angola and its association with serological and molecular profiles.Through these analyzes, we characterized a separated lineage composed by Angolan,Namibia and Democratic Republic of Congo, provisionally named by our team as SWL(Southwest African Lineage). In the second paper, entitled Hepatitis B virus subgenotypeA1: Relationships between Brazilian, African and Asian isolates we aimed investigate theevolutionary history and migration patterns of HBV/A1 from Africa to Brazil during the slavetrade. Surprisingly, was observed that all Brazilian samples are genetically related to Asianisolates, rather than the African ones. These finds suggest that Asia was the source ofHBV/A1 infection in Brazil, probably through Mozambique in southeastern Africa, or directlythrough India by Portuguese sailors...


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B e Antigens , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Enslaved Persons , Virus Replication , Hepatitis B virus/physiology , Biomarkers
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